Limitations of Short-term memory
Gestalt Principles
Short-term memory (STM) is the capacity for holding a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time.
The limitations are , duration of short-term memory is short ( in the order of seconds when rehearsal or active maintenance is prevented). Its capacity is also very limited, some experiments showed that the store of short-term memory was 7+/-2 items and some modern estimates of the capacity of short-term memory are even lower, typically on the order of 4-5 items.
The limitations are , duration of short-term memory is short ( in the order of seconds when rehearsal or active maintenance is prevented). Its capacity is also very limited, some experiments showed that the store of short-term memory was 7+/-2 items and some modern estimates of the capacity of short-term memory are even lower, typically on the order of 4-5 items.
Gestalt theories describe how people tend to organize visual elements into group when certain principles are applied. These principles are:
Similarity
Similarity occurs when objects look similar to one another. People often perceive them as a group or pattern
Continuation
Continuation occurs when the eye is compelled to move through one object and continue to another object.
Closure
Closure occurs when an object is incomplete or a space is not completely enclosed. If enough of the shape is indicated, people percieves the whole by filling in the missing infomation.
Proximity
Proximity occurs when elements are placed close together. They tend to be perceived as a group
Figure and Ground
The eye differentiates an object form its surrounding area. a form, silhouette, or shape is naturrally perceived as figure (object), while the surrounding area is perceived as ground (background)
Multiple representation
An external representation is something or some symbols that stand for/depict an object and/or processes. Internal representation concerns about representation in mind. Examples of representations are verbal descriptions, pictures, graph, formulas and rules. Multiple representation enhance visualization for the brain, it helps learners to construct another type of representation.
They help learners of different learning styles to learn better. Multimedia can be used to support in doing multiple representation.
Modality
Modality is a path of communication between the human and the computer. It describe a human-computer interaction. Human can receive the output of the computer through the sense. The computer can receive the input of human from sensor or device.
Multimodality
Multimodality can support different modalities in different manners. It combines graphics, text and audio output with speech, text, and touch input , giving users multiple options for inputting and receiving information. This makes the service application much easier to use. For example, it allows telephony subscribers to move between different modes of interaction, from visual to voice to touch, it allows users speak into a wireless handset at the same time they're writing, reading or sending a message.
Combining Visualization and Interactivity
People use Knowledge Tools( e.g. senses, language, software) to perform Knowledge Processes(e.g. observation) on Information to create Knowledge.
In general, people learning better by visualization than by just hearing. Interactive learning ( learners need to do ) can help the learners to understand the information and make their own knowledge easier. Based on that human learning rule, combining visualiztion and interactivity in the learning process can enhance the learners to learn faster and build knowedge and long term memory easier .
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